How often do filters and other equipment need to be replaced?

How often do filters and other equipment need to be replaced?

In a bunker, equipment and filter replacement is crucial for safety, air quality, and system longevity. Replacement frequency depends on type of equipment, usage, and environmental conditions. Here’s a detailed guide:

1. Air Filters (HVAC, HEPA, Carbon)

  • HEPA filters: every 6–12 months, or sooner if dust/odor builds up.

  • Activated carbon filters: every 3–6 months, especially if chemicals or smoke exposure is possible.

  • Pre-filters: 1–3 months; more frequently in dusty environments.

  • Tip: Check monthly visually; replace if dirty or airflow decreases.

2. Water Filters and Purification Systems

  • Sediment filters: every 3–6 months.

  • Carbon filters: every 6–12 months, depending on water quality.

  • Reverse osmosis membranes: every 2–3 years.

  • UV sterilizers: bulbs typically last 1 year.

  • Tip: Test water periodically; replace filters if flow drops or taste/odor changes.

3. Batteries and Power Systems

  • Lead-acid batteries: every 3–5 years, but check water levels monthly.

  • Lithium batteries: 5–10 years depending on charge cycles and storage.

  • Generator starter batteries: replace every 2–3 years.

  • Fuel for generators: rotate every 6–12 months to maintain effectiveness.

4. Fire and Safety Equipment

  • Smoke and CO detectors: replace batteries annually; sensors every 10 years (smoke) or 5–7 years (CO).

  • Fire extinguishers: inspect monthly; replace or service every 5–12 years depending on type.

  • Emergency lights and backup lighting: test monthly; replace batteries annually.

5. Waste and Sanitation Systems

  • Composting toilet media: replenish every 1–3 months depending on usage.

  • Holding tank chemicals (if using chemical toilets): replenish according to manufacturer, usually monthly.

  • Gray water filters: clean monthly; replace 3–6 months or per manufacturer.

6. Mechanical Equipment

  • Pumps, fans, and motors: lubricate monthly; inspect belts and moving parts quarterly.

  • Seals, gaskets, and valves: check quarterly; replace 1–2 years or as wear indicates.

7. Best Practices

  1. Create a logbook — record installation dates, inspection dates, and replacement schedules.

  2. Inspect visually before replacing — some filters last longer under low usage.

  3. Store backup filters and consumables — plan for long-term self-sufficiency.

  4. Follow manufacturer guidelines — environmental conditions can shorten lifespan.